Economic Impact of Sanctions: Highlighting the initial impact of global companies’ exits from Russia and the role of government sanctions in crippling the Russian economy, underscoring the necessity of collaboration between public and private sectors for effective economic pressure campaigns.

Evaluation of Current Sanctions: Discussing the ongoing efficacy of current sanctions and addressing concerns that some newly announced measures may be insufficient, emphasizing the need for continuous assessment and adaptation in response to Kremlin strategies.

Addressing Targeted Sanctions: Critiquing the specificity of recent sanctions, particularly focusing on their relevance to Putin’s core interests and the effectiveness in curbing Russia’s war efforts, emphasizing the importance of targeted measures.

Expansion of Sanctions: Advocating for the imposition of new sanctions on critical Russian exports like metals and commodities, debunking fears of destabilizing the global economy and presenting evidence of market resilience and potential benefits for Western economies.

Enforcement Challenges: Highlighting the challenges in enforcing existing sanctions, including evasion tactics employed by Russia and the need for enhanced enforcement measures to combat smuggling and illicit trade effectively.

Policy Recommendations: Proposing three crucial steps for Western policymakers to fortify economic sanctions on Russia, including imposing new sanctions on strategic exports, tightening enforcement, and addressing hesitation over seizing Russia’s foreign exchange reserves.